List all operators used in C and explain any three operators with example.

Subject Name: PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
Subject Code:3110003

Question: List all operators used in C and explain any three operators with example.

List all operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators.
2. Relational Operators.
3. Logical Operators.
4. Assignment Operators.
5. Increment and Decrement Operators.
6. Conditional Operator.
7. Bitwise Operators.
8. Special Operators.

1-Arithmetic Operators:

An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc on numerical values (constants and variables).

Operator	Meaning of Operator
+	addition or unary plus
-	subtraction or unary minus
*	multiplication
/	division
%	remainder after division (modulo division)

Example 1: Arithmetic Operators

1.    // Working of arithmetic operators
2.    #include <stdio.h>
3.    int main()
4.    {
5.     int a = 9,b = 4, c;
6.     
7.     c = a+b;
8.     printf("a+b = %d \n",c);
9.     c = a-b;
10.     printf("a-b = %d \n",c);
11.     c = a*b;
12.     printf("a*b = %d \n",c);
13.     c = a/b;
14.     printf("a/b = %d \n",c);
15.     c = a%b;
16.     printf("Remainder when a divided by b = %d \n",c);
17.     
18.     return 0;
19.    }

Output:

a+b = 13
a-b = 5
a*b = 36
a/b = 2
Remainder when a divided by b=1

• The operators +, - and * computes addition, subtraction, and multiplication respectively as you might have expected.
• In normal calculation, 9/4 = 2.25. However, the output is 2 in the program.
• It is because both the variables a and b are integers. Hence, the output is also an integer. The compiler neglects the term after the decimal point and shows answer 2 instead of 2.25.
• The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a=9 is divided by b=4, the remainder is 1. The % operator can only be used with integers.
• Suppose a = 5.0, b = 2.0, c = 5 and d = 2. Then in C programming,

// Either one of the operands is a floating-point number
a/b = 2.5  
a/d = 2.5  
c/b = 2.5  

// Both operands are integers
c/d = 2

2-Relational Operators:
A relational operator checks the relationship between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is false, it returns value 0.

Relational operators are used in decision making and loops.

Operator	Meaning of Operator	Example
==	Equal to	5 == 3 is evaluated to 0
>	Greater than	5 > 3 is evaluated to 1
<	Less than	5 < 3 is evaluated to 0
!=	Not equal to	5 != 3 is evaluated to 1
>=	Greater than or equal to	5 >= 3 is evaluated to 1
<=	Less than or equal to	5 <= 3 is evaluated to 0

Example 2: Relational Operators

1.     // Working of relational operators
2.     #include <stdio.h>
3.     int main()
4.     {
5.     int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10;
6.     printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, b, a == b);
7.     printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, c, a == c);
8.     printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, b, a > b);
9.     printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, c, a > c);
10.     printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, b, a < b);
11.     printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, c, a < c);
12.     printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, b, a != b);
13.     printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, c, a != c);
14.     printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, b, a >= b);
15.     printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, c, a >= c);
16.     printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, b, a <= b);
17.     printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, c, a <= c);
18.     return 0;
19.     }

Output:

5 == 5 is 1
5 == 10 is 0
5 > 5 is 0
5 > 10 is 0
5 < 5 is 0
5 < 10 is 1
5 != 5 is 0
5 != 10 is 1
5 >= 5 is 1
5 >= 10 is 0
5 <= 5 is 1
5 <= 10 is 1

3-Logical Operators:

An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making in C programming.

Operator	Meaning	Example
&&	Logical AND. True only if all operands are true	If c = 5 and d = 2 then, expression ((c==5) && (d>5)) equals to 0.
||	Logical OR. True only if either one operand is true	If c = 5 and d = 2 then, expression ((c==5) || (d>5)) equals to 1.
!	Logical NOT. True only if the operand is 0	If c = 5 then, expression !(c==5) equals to 0.

Example 3: Logical Operators

1.     // Working of logical operators
2.     #include <stdio.h>
3.     int main()
4.     {
5.     int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10, result;
6.     
7.     result = (a == b) && (c > b);
8.     printf("(a == b) && (c > b) is %d \n", result);
9.     result = (a == b) && (c < b);
10.     printf("(a == b) && (c < b) is %d \n", result);
11.     result = (a == b) || (c < b);
12.     printf("(a == b) || (c < b) is %d \n", result);
13.     result = (a != b) || (c < b);
14.     printf("(a != b) || (c < b) is %d \n", result);
15.     result = !(a != b);
16.     printf("!(a == b) is %d \n", result);
17.     result = !(a == b);
18.     printf("!(a == b) is %d \n", result);
19.     
20.     return 0;
21.     }

Output:

(a == b) && (c > b) is 1
(a == b) && (c < b) is 0
(a == b) || (c < b) is 1
(a != b) || (c < b) is 0
!(a != b) is 1
!(a == b) is 0

Explanation of logical operator program:

• (a == b) && (c > 5) evaluates to 1 because both operands (a == b) and (c > b) is 1 (true).
• (a == b) && (c < b) evaluates to 0 because operand (c < b) is 0 (false).
• (a == b) || (c < b) evaluates to 1 because (a = b) is 1 (true).
• (a != b) || (c < b) evaluates to 0 because both operand (a != b) and (c < b) are 0 (false).
• !(a != b) evaluates to 1 because operand (a != b) is 0 (false). Hence, !(a != b) is 1 (true).
• !(a == b) evaluates to 0 because (a == b) is 1 (true). Hence, !(a == b) is 0 (false).